The fund in Germany is no longer active. Carnegie Institution of Washington , founded in , conducts scientific research, primarily in astronomy, biology, and the earth sciences, and related educational activities. Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh and Carnegie Museums of Pittsburgh are two sister organizations that evolved from the Carnegie Institute founded in Carnegie Mellon University , formed from the merger of Mellon Institute and Carnegie Institute of Technology, which was founded in as Carnegie Technical Schools and later became an independent university.
The Carnegie Trust for the Universities of Scotland was established in , for assistance to students, for expansion of the Scottish universities, and for stimulation of research. The Carnegie United Kingdom Trust was established in to improve the well-being of the people of Great Britain and Ireland, chiefly through aid to voluntary organizations in community service, the voluntary arts, and heritage, particularly independent museums and village halls.
Thursday November 11th, In , Carnegie succeeded his boss as railroad division superintendent. While in this position, he made profitable investments in a variety of businesses, including coal, iron and oil companies and a manufacturer of railroad sleeping cars.
After leaving his post with the railroad in , Carnegie continued his ascent in the business world. With the U. By the time he was in his early 30s, Carnegie had become a very wealthy man.
In the early s, Carnegie co-founded his first steel company, near Pittsburgh. Over the next few decades, he created a steel empire, maximizing profits and minimizing inefficiencies through ownership of factories, raw materials and transportation infrastructure involved in steel making.
In , his primary holdings were consolidated to form Carnegie Steel Company. The steel magnate considered himself a champion of the working man; however, his reputation was marred by the violent Homestead Strike in at his Homestead, Pennsylvania, steel mill.
After union workers protested wage cuts, Carnegie Steel general manager Henry Clay Frick , who was determined to break the union, locked the workers out of the plant. Andrew Carnegie was on vacation in Scotland during the strike, but put his support in Frick, who called in some Pinkerton armed guards to protect the plant.
A bloody battle broke out between the striking workers and the Pinkertons, leaving at least 10 men dead. The state militia then was brought in to take control of the town, union leaders were arrested and Frick hired replacement workers for the plant.
Additionally, the labor movement at Pittsburgh-area steel mills was crippled for the next four decades. That same year, Morgan merged Carnegie Steel with a group of other steel businesses to form U. Among his philanthropic activities, he funded the establishment of more than 2, public libraries around the globe, donated more than 7, organs to churches worldwide and endowed organizations many still in existence today dedicated to research in science, education, world peace and other causes.
Oct 3, , am EDT. Sep 4, , pm EDT. Aug 28, , pm EDT. Aug 27, , pm EDT. Edit Story. Jul 8, , am EDT. Chloe Sorvino Forbes Staff. Gallery: America's Storied Families. View gallery. Follow me on Twitter or LinkedIn. His parents, Will and Margaret Carnegie, sold their belongings in Scotland to come to America when Andrew was years-old.
They settled in a suburb of Pittsburgh, living in just two rooms above a weaving shop. Carnegie's relatives ran the shop, and Will eventually took over, but the business failed. So Carnegie started working as a bobbin boy in a cotton mill. The following year, Carnegie worked as a messenger for a telegraph company, and he taught himself to use the equipment.
He used those skills to land a job with the Pennsylvania Railroad, a job that would help shape his future. It helped him learn about the railroad industry so that he could identify smart investments -- even if he did not yet have the wealth to make those investments. When Thomas A. After that, Theodore Woodruff approached Carnegie with the idea of sleeping train cars and offered him a share in the Woodruff Sleeping Car Company.
In order to invest, Carnegie had to secure another bank loan. That was more than three times his salary from his job at the Pennsylvania Railroad. During the Civil War, Pittsburgh became an important place of production for gunboats, cannons and more. He used his connections to the Pennsylvania Railroad Company management to secure contracts and build tracks across the state.
As his wealth grew, Carnegie began to develop the principles of giving that would define his later career. When he was 33, Carnegie wrote a letter to himself, urging himself to live modestly and charitably. Beyond this never earn -- make no effort to increase fortune, but spend the surplus each year for benevolent purposes.
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