ST use can lead to oral cancer, which is disproportionately high in South Asians. Our aims were to assess the compliance of ST product retailers with statutory regulations and to explore the supply chain of ST. Methods: We undertook a multimethods study between August and July in five English boroughs with a high proportion of ethnic South Asians. We purchased ST products and conducted field surveys with ST retailers at point of sale. Products such as chewing tobacco are addictive like cigarettes, because they still deliver nicotine, and they also contain harmful chemicals, just the same.
We need a global effort to try and address and control smokeless tobacco. The study, which was funded by Leeds City Council and the Medical Research Council, estimates that in alone smokeless tobacco resulted in more than 62, deaths worldwide due to cancers of the mouth, pharynx and oesophagus and accounted for more than , deaths from heart disease.
Researchers compiled the figures using data from countries and extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study and surveys such as Global Adult Tobacco Survey. Long questions and difficult words can lead to inattention, refusals and incomplete answers.
The questionnaire had two sections. The first section collected general introduction about the individual interviewed questions were asked on like age, place of birth, whether he chewed or smoked tobacco on a regular basis and type of chewing tobacco used. The second section specifically deals with dependency on the smokeless tobacco.
The original Severson Smokeless Tobacco Dependence Scale questionnaire has a question do identify how many days does a tin or pouch of chewing tobacco lasts this question has been amended as how many days does the purchase lasts to reflect the South Asian tobacco use.
The questionnaire was originally written in English. As the study sample was the south Asian communities it was decided to translate the questionnaire into the local languages Urdu and Bengali to compare the data of the items in questionnaire and to have an equality and uniformity in each language. The questionnaire was translated into Bengali and Urdu with the help of English speaking bi-lingual translators with in the local community.
The translated questionnaire were again second translated into English and the two versions were compared, sometimes there is a possibility of inaccuracy of the translated questionnaires due to errors in exact translation of English terminology hence a second translation is necessary to avoid inaccuracies Bhopal et al.
The commonly used non-random method is quota sampling, in which a pre-defined number of people who meet certain criteria are selected Steward, In this sample one hundred and ten adult males were selected from different population of the south Asian communities.
The study design is vitally important as poorly designed studies may give misleading results. This study is an exploratory study.
The questionnaire was piloted to the individuals to be interviewed. Adult males coming to the local mosques to offer prayers were recruited into the study. The imams, head of the two local mosques were approached to question permission prior to the conduct the study. The imams were shown the questionnaires in all the three languages and a brief introduction was given to them regarding the purpose of the study, as their help and permission was important.
After getting the approval from the imams the individuals were interviewed individually. A focus of attention was given to Fridays as important prayers are offered on Friday and the attendance at the mosques is significantly more than on other days. Individuals were approached to help interview the individuals in the local language especially Bengali.
The individuals were given a brief introduction about the study conducted and the individuals were interviewed. After the completion of the interviews the next phase was the data entry and data analysis.
Data was collected on twelve days in the months of July and August Mosque attendees were selected opportunistically and invited to take part. One hundred and ten agreed to do so. Of these twenty two were not included in the analysis because they were either smokers only 8 or non- regular users i. Therefore reports 88respondents who met the inclusion criteria for the entry into the study.
Of the eighty eight 39 were interviewed in Urdu, 29 were interviewed in Bengali and 20 were interviewed in English. The mean age was Twenty-five were born in Pakistan, 29 in India and 34 in Bangladesh.
Cross tabulations report that in a sample of 88 South Asian UK resident men leaf paan was most used form of chewing tobacco The respondents making more frequent chewing tobacco purchase were more likely to report feelings of strong cravings than those who make less purchase of chewing tobacco. Total dependence score is generated by the sum of the questions of the Severson Smokeless Tobacco Dependence Scale shows the mean Published 12 June Brexit Check what you need to do.
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