Conversion disorder involves experiencing motor or sensory symptoms that lack a compatible neurological or medical explanation. In many cases, the disorder follows a real physical injury or stressful even which then results in a psychological and emotional response. Factitious disorder used to have its own category, is now included under the somatic symptom and related disorders category of the DSM A factitious disorder is when an individual intentionally creates, fakes, or exaggerates symptoms of illness.
Munchausen syndrome, in which people feign an illness to attract attention, is one severe form of factitious disorder. Eating disorders are characterized by obsessive concerns with weight and disruptive eating patterns that negatively impact physical and mental health. Feeding and eating disorders that used to be diagnosed during infancy and childhood have been moved to this category in the DSM Anorexia nervosa is characterized by restricted food consumption that leads to weight loss and a very low body weight.
Those who experience this disorder also have a preoccupation and fear of gaining weight as well as a distorted view of their own appearance and behavior. Bulimia nervosa involves binging and then taking extreme steps to compensate for these binges. These compensatory behaviors might include self-induced vomiting, the abuse of laxatives or diuretics, and excessive exercise. Rumination disorder is marked by regurgitating previously chewed or swallowed food in order to either spit it out or re-swallow it.
Most of those affected by this disorder are children or adults who also have a developmental delay or intellectual disability. Additional problems that can result from this behavior include dental decay, esophageal ulcers, and malnutrition. Pica involves craving and consuming non-food substances such as dirt, paint, or soap. The disorder most commonly affects children and those with developmental disabilities. Not only do people overeat, however, they also feel as if they have no control over their eating.
Binge eating episodes are sometimes triggered by certain emotions such as feeling happy or anxious, by boredom or following stressful events.
Sleep disorders involve an interruption in sleep patterns that lead to distress and affects daytime functioning. Examples of sleep disorders include:. Narcolepsy is a condition in which people experience an irrepressible need to sleep. People with narcolepsy may experience a sudden loss of muscle tone. Insomnia disorder involves being unable to get enough sleep to feel rested.
While all people experience sleeping difficulties and interruptions at some point, insomnia is considered a disorder when it is accompanied by significant distress or impairment over time. Hypersomnolence disorder is characterized by excessive sleepiness despite an adequate main sleep period. People with this condition may fall asleep during the day at inappropriate times such as at work and school.
Breathing-related sleep disorders are those that involve breathing anomalies such as sleep apnea that can occur during sleep. These breathing problems can result in brief interruptions in sleep that can lead to other problems including insomnia and daytime sleepiness.
Parasomnias involve disorders that feature abnormal behaviors that take place during sleep. Such disorders include sleepwalking, sleep terrors, sleep talking, and sleep eating.
Restless legs syndrome is a neurological condition that involves having uncomfortable sensations in the legs and an irresistible urge to move the legs in order to relieve the sensations. People with this condition may feel tugging, creeping, burning, and crawling sensations in their legs resulting in an excessive movement which then interferes with sleep.
Sleep disorders related to other mental disorders as well as sleep disorders related to general medical conditions have been removed from the DSM The latest edition of the DSM also provides more emphasis on coexisting conditions for each of the sleep-wake disorders. This change, the APA explains, "underscores that the individual has a sleep disorder warranting independent clinical attention, in addition to any medical and mental disorders that are also present, and acknowledges the bidirectional and interactive effects between sleep disorders and coexisting medical and mental disorders.
Impulse-control disorders are those that involve an inability to control emotions and behaviors, resulting in harm to oneself or others. Types of impulse-control disorders include:. Kleptomania involves an inability to control the impulse to steal.
People who have kleptomania will often steal things that they do not really need or that have no real monetary value. Those with this condition experience escalating tension prior to committing a theft and feel relief and gratification afterwards.
Pyromania involves a fascination with fire that results in acts of fire-starting that endanger the self and others. People who struggle with pyromania purposefully and deliberately have set fires more than one time.
They also experience tension and emotional arousal before setting a fire. Intermittent explosive disorder is characterized by brief outbursts of anger and violence that are out of proportion for the situation. People with this disorder may erupt into angry outbursts or violent actions in response to everyday annoyances or disappointments. Conduct disorder is a condition diagnosed in children and adolescents under the age of 18 who regularly violate social norms and the rights of others.
Children with this disorder display aggression toward people and animals, destroy property, steal and deceive, and violate other rules and laws.
These behaviors result in significant problems in a child's academic, work, or social functioning. Oppositional defiant disorder begins prior to the age of 18 and is characterized by defiance, irritability, anger, aggression, and vindictiveness.
While all kids behave defiantly sometimes, kids with oppositional defiant disorder refuse to comply with adult requests almost all the time and engage in behaviors to deliberately annoy others.
Depressive disorders are a type of mood disorder that include a number of conditions. They are all characterized by the presence of sad, empty, or irritable moods accompanied by physical and cognitive symptoms. They differ in terms of duration, timing, or presumed etiology. The depressive disorders are all characterized by feelings of sadness and low mood that are persistent and severe enough to affect how a person functions.
Common symptoms shared by these disorders include difficulty feeling interested and motivated, lack of interest in previously enjoyed activities, sleep disturbances, and poor concentration.
The diagnostic criteria vary for each specific condition. For major depressive disorder, diagnosis requires an individual to experience five or more of the following symptoms over the same two-week period. One of these symptoms must include either depressed mood or loss of interest or pleasure in previously enjoyed activities. Symptoms can include:. If you are having suicidal thoughts, contact the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at for support and assistance from a trained counselor.
If you or a loved one are in immediate danger, call For more mental health resources, see our National Helpline Database.
Treatments for depressive disorders often involve a combination of psychotherapy and medications. Click below to listen now. Substance-related disorders are those that involve the use and abuse of different substances such as cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates, and alcohol. These disorders may include substance-induced conditions that can result in many associated diagnoses including intoxication, withdrawal, the emergence of psychosis, anxiety, and delirium.
Examples of substance-related disorders:. The DSM-5 also includes gambling disorder under this classification. The American Psychiatric Association explains that this change "reflects the increasing and consistent evidence that some behaviors, such as gambling, activate the brain reward system with effects similar to those of drugs of abuse and that gambling disorder symptoms resemble substance use disorders to a certain extent. Neurocognitive disorders are characterized by acquired deficits in cognitive function.
Types of cognitive disorders include:. Delirium is also known as acute confusional state. This disorder develops over a short period of time—usually a few hours or a few days—and is characterized by disturbances in attention and awareness. Major and mild neurocognitive disorders have the primary feature of acquired cognitive decline in one or more areas including memory, attention, language, learning, and perception. It is a complex, long-term condition that affects about one percent of people in the United States.
The DSM-5 diagnostic criteria specify that two or more symptoms of schizophrenia must be present for a period of at least one month. One symptom must be one of the following:. The second symptom may be one of the following:. Diagnosis also requires significant impairments in social or occupational functioning for a period of at least six months.
The onset of schizophrenia is usually in the late teens or early 20s, with men usually showing symptoms earlier than women. Earlier signs of the condition that may occur before diagnosis include poor motivation, difficult relationships, and poor school performance. The National Institute of Mental Health suggests that multiple factors may play a role in causing schizophrenia including genetics, brain chemistry, environmental factors, and substance use.
While there is no cure for schizophrenia, there are treatments available that make it possible to manage the symptoms of the condition. Treatments usually incorporate antipsychotic medications, psychotherapy, self-management, education, and social support. Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders is a category of psychiatric conditions that include:. Each condition in this classification has its own set of diagnostic criteria. The diagnostic criteria in the DSM-5 specify that in order to be diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder, a person must experience obsessions, compulsions, or both.
The obsessions and compulsions must also be time-consuming, taking up an hour or more per day, or cause significant distress or functional impairment, must not be attributable to another medical condition or substance use, and must not be better explained by another psychiatric condition such as generalized anxiety disorder.
Treatments for OCD usually focus on a combination of therapy and medications. Antidepressants such as clomipramine or fluoxetine may also be prescribed to manage symptoms. Personality disorders are characterized by an enduring pattern of maladaptive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that can cause serious detriments to relationships and other life areas. Antisocial personality disorder is characterized by a long-standing disregard for rules, social norms, and the rights of others.
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The State of Victoria and the Department of Health shall not bear any liability for reliance by any user on the materials contained on this website. Skip to main content. Mental health services. Home Mental health services. Types of mental health issues and illnesses. Actions for this page Listen Print. Summary Read the full fact sheet.
On this page. Anxiety disorders Behavioural and emotional disorders in children Bipolar affective disorder Depression Dissociation and dissociative disorders Eating disorders Obsessive compulsive disorder Paranoia Post-traumatic stress disorder Psychosis Schizophrenia Where to get help. Mental illness can make it difficult for someone to cope with work, relationships and other demands.
The relationship between stress and mental illness is complex, but it is known that stress can worsen an episode of mental illness. Most people can manage their mental illness with medication, counselling or both. This page lists some of the more common mental health issues and mental illnesses.
Anxiety disorders Anxiety disorders is a group of mental health disorders that includes generalised anxiety disorders, social phobias, specific phobias for example, agoraphobia and claustrophobia , panic disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder OCD and post-traumatic stress disorder. For more information see: Anxiety disorders Behavioural and emotional disorders in children Common behaviour disorders in children include oppositional defiant disorder ODD , conduct disorder CD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD.
For more information see: Bipolar disorder Depression Depression is a mood disorder characterised by lowering of mood, loss of interest and enjoyment, and reduced energy. For more information see: Depression Dissociation and dissociative disorders Dissociation is a mental process where a person disconnects from their thoughts, feelings, memories or sense of identity. For more information see: Dissociation and dissociative disorders Eating disorders Eating disorders include anorexia, bulimia nervosa and other binge eating disorders.
For more information see: Eating disorders Obsessive compulsive disorder Obsessive compulsive disorder OCD is an anxiety disorder. For more information see: Paranoia Post-traumatic stress disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD is a mental health condition that can develop as a response to people who have experienced any traumatic event.
For more information see: Post-traumatic stress disorder Psychosis People affected by psychosis can experience delusions, hallucinations and confused thinking..
For more information see: Psychosis Schizophrenia Schizophrenia is a complex psychotic disorder characterised by disruptions to thinking and emotions, and a distorted perception of reality. Give feedback about this page. Was this page helpful?
Yes No. Examples include major depressive disorder and premenstrual dysphoric disorder PMDD. A group of psychiatric conditions that involve problems with the self-control of emotions and behaviors. Disorders in this group include:. This group of psychiatric syndromes is characterized by an involuntary disconnection between consciousness, memories, emotions, perceptions, and behaviors—even one's own identity or sense of self.
Children with elimination disorders repeatedly void urine or feces at inappropriate times and in inappropriate places, whether the action is involuntary or not. Eating disturbances are characterized by a persistent disturbance of eating patterns that leads to poor physical and psychological health.
Three major eating disorders include:. Formerly known as gender identity disorder, gender dysphoria occurs when a person feels extreme discomfort or distress because their gender identity is at odds with the gender they were assigned at birth. These disorders are characterized by a decrease in a person's previous level of cognitive function.
In addition to Alzheimer's disease, other conditions in this category include:. These disorders typically manifest early in development, often before a child enters grade school. They are characterized by impairments of personal, social, academic, or occupational functioning. Examples of neurodevelopmental disorders include:. Examples obsessive-compulsive and related disorders include:.
Describes intense or persistent sexual interests that cause distress or impairment. These may involve recurrent fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving atypical sexual interests. These disorders are characterized by an enduring inflexible pattern of experience and behavior that causes distress or impairment. There are currently 10 recognized personality disorders. These disorders are defined by abnormalities in one or more of the following areas:. This heterogeneous group of disorders is characterized by a person's inability to fully engage in or experience sexual pleasure.
Some of the most common sexual dysfunctions include:. There are several different types of sleep-wake disorders, and all involve problems falling asleep or staying awake at desired or socially appropriate times. These disorders are characterized by misalignment of circadian rhythms with the surrounding environment or abnormalities of the circadian system itself. Common sleep-wake disorders include insomnia and narcolepsy. People with these disorders feel extreme, exaggerated anxiety about physical symptoms—such as pain, weakness, or shortness of breath.
This preoccupation is so intense that it disrupts the person's daily life. All substance-related disorders are characterized by a cluster of behavioral and physical symptoms, which can include withdrawal, tolerance, and craving. Substance-related disorders can result from the use of 10 separate classes of drugs. This group includes disorders that were related to exposure to a traumatic or stressful event.
The most common is post-traumatic stress disorder PTSD. Everyone experiences peaks and valleys in their mental health. A stressful experience, such as the loss of a loved one, might temporarily diminish your psychological well-being.
In general, in order to meet the criteria for mental illness, your symptoms must cause significant distress or interfere with your social, occupational, or educational functioning and last for a defined period of time. Each disorder has its own set of symptoms that can vary greatly in severity, but common signs of mental illness in adults and adolescents can include:.
It's important to note that the presence of one or two of these signs alone doesn't mean that you have a mental illness. But it does indicate that you may need further evaluation. If you're experiencing several of these symptoms at one time and they're preventing you from going about your daily life, you should contact a physician or mental health professional.
There is no single cause of mental illness. The following are some factors that may influence whether someone develops a mental illness:. Diagnosis of a mental illness is a multi-step process that may include more than one healthcare provider, often starting with your primary care physician. Before a diagnosis is made, you may need to undergo a physical exam to rule out a physical condition.
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