It reacts with metals, oxides, and hydroxides, forming nitrate salts. Chief uses of nitric acid are in the preparation of fertilizers, e. It is also used in the manufacture of chemicals, e. It is produced chiefly by oxidation of ammonia the Ostwald process. Small amounts are produced by the treatment of sodium nitrate with sulfuric acid. Nitric acid was known to the alchemists as aqua fortis; the name is used in commerce for impure grades of it.
Aqua regia is a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acids. Niric acid is a component of acid rain. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Nitrogen is one of the primary nutrients that is required by plants. It plays a very crucial role in plant physiology and hence plants require an excessive amount of nitrogen as compared to other elements. Hence nitrogenous fertilizers are of vital importance to agriculture and farming. The precursor to nitro organic compounds: Nitric acid is used for the nitration of several organic compounds.
The nitro group is a very versatile functional group by which many explosives such as TNT is prepared. This group is added to aromatic compounds by using a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. The above mentioned is the chemical equation for the preparation of the explosive TNT. Polymer synthesis: Nitric acid is the raw material for the synthesis of many chemical compounds.
Polymers like polyamines and polyurethane are few compounds that essentially require nitric acid for their synthesis. Certain polymerization reactions take place only in presence of a nitric acid medium. Rocket propellant : Nitric acid is used as a rocket propellant in the aerospace industry. This form of nitric acid is known as the red fuming nitric acid which is a storable oxidizer.
As an oxidant: Nitric acid is a very strong oxidizing agent hence used as an oxidant. Adipic acid which is a precursor to the polymer nylon is produced on a very large scale by the oxidation of KA oil which is a mixture of cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol by nitric acid.
The function of nitric acid here is to oxidize the oil to yield adipic acid. Manufacture of various industrial products: Nitric acid is used for the production of various industrial products like nitrate salts, dyes, coal tar products, various drugs. In preparation of aqua regia: Aqua regia is a yellow fuming liquid made by mixing concentrated nitric acid and concentrated hydrochloric acid in ratio It can dissolve noble metals like gold and platinum hence it is used in the purification of gold and platinum and also in jewellery making.
Nitric acid uses at home: Directly nitric acid is not used in our daily life owing to its extreme power of corrosion and harmful effects on human tissue. Instead, the products manufactured from nitric acid like various medicines, cleansers, fertilizers for the garden are used in our homes on a daily basis.
Uses of nitric acid in our daily life can be said as a laboratory school reagent. Dilute nitric acid is used in the woodworks and carpentry to fabricate a maple and pine wood log for giving them an old look. Nitric acid is used in the spot test of alkaloids like LSD which is known as the colourimetric test. Nitric acid medical use: Nitric acid is used to prepare homoeopathic medicines through a process called potentization.
There are drugs that cure throat sore and tonsillitis, mouth ulcers, piles and skin issues.
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